Performance Evaluation of a Ship Waste Heat-Driven Freshwater Production System Based on Rotary Dehumidification and Seawater Condensation

This study evaluates integrated shipboard freshwater production and fresh air pretreatment on a 20,000 TEU-class container vessel, addressing its freshwater demand and the inefficient recovery of exhaust waste heat from the main engine. The system integrates rotary dehumidification, seawater condensation, and water purification. A theoretical model was developed to evaluate the system performance, incorporating design, thermodynamic modeling, parameter optimization, and adaptability analyses under various operating conditions. The results indicate that under optimal conditions (seawater at 25 °C, outlet temperature difference of 2 °C), the single-stage system is predicted to produce approximately 1.45 m3 of freshwater per day, meeting 20.7% of the vessel’s freshwater requirement. The auxiliary electrical energy consumption, estimated based on standard engineering correlations, is 1–1.5 kWh/m3, representing a 70–80% reduction compared to conventional reverse osmosis systems (3–6 kWh/m3). The sensitivity coefficient for seawater temperature was −0.334, whereas that for output temperature was −0.167. A two-stage series configuration has the potential to further improve the demand satisfaction rate to 41–61%. Overall, the proposed system enables the cascade utilization of ship waste heat and functional integration of air pretreatment and freshwater production, offering a promising auxiliary engineering solution for energy conservation, emission reduction, and onboard freshwater self-sufficiency in marine applications.