Optimization Model for EV Charging Amount and Price Negotiation and Charging Spot Selection Based on Stackelberg Game in Microgrid

In this paper, we consider a microgrid consisting of several small areas that are physically distant from power plants. We propose a framework for the microgrid based on optimization to achieve local production and consumption of electricity from photovoltaic power generation in each area, as well as balancing supply and demand by transmitting power electricity between the areas via EVs. At first, based on the Stackelberg game, we propose an optimization model for the negotiation of charging price and amount between single EV and charging spot. Moreover, considering a situation where an EV negotiates with multiple charging spots simultaneously, we give an optimization model regarding the EV's selection of charging spot, and analyze the EVs' travel behavior. The validity of these optimization models is verified through numerical simulations with multiple scenarios.