Decision support system using rough DEMATEL for evaluating blockchain adoption in food bank supply chain

• Seven key barriers are identified and classified as internal and external factors. • Data from two stakeholder communities, academics and practitioners, are examined. • DEMATEL is integratedwith rough theory to address uncertainty in expert judgments. • Lack of technological access emerges as a dominant barrier to BT adoption in FBSC. • Findings provide insights for FBs and policymakers in advancing sustainability. Food banks (FBs) play a vital role in food security by recovering surplus food and redistributing it to people who lack reliable access to sufficient nutrition. However, FBs face persistent operational challenges, particularly in balancing supply and demand. This study presents a novel approach to examining blockchain technology (BT) adoption within the food bank supply chain (FBSC) to boost food donation efficiency, enabling real-time inventory tracking, reliability, and strengthening compliance with food safety regulations. We identified the key barriers, categorized them into external and internal dimensions, and analyzed them using a pairwise comparison survey based on insights from academics and experts (N = 21) within the food bank network (FBN). The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology was used to model and quantify the causal relationships among these barriers. To address subjectivity and ambiguity in expert opinions during group decision-making, rough theory was integrated with DEMATEL, providing a reliable approach to managing conflicting perspectives and uncertainty. Results indicate that the lack of access to technology is the most significant barrier hindering the implementation and growth of blockchain adoption in FBSC. Also, the lack of regulation and legislation related to donated food was assigned the minimum normalized weight, indicating it has the least influence on the system. Further, a lack of government support for implementing BT represents another critical barrier, reflecting the early stage of BT development. The study offers valuable insights to support FBs and policymakers in developing long-term sustainability strategies.