Gene Mutations and Related Molecular Events in Distant Metastasis of Cervical Cancer: A Review

Cervical cancer, a serious gynecological malignancy, often leads to poor patient prognosis due to distant metastasis. The metastasis mechanism is not fully understood. This study explores the link between gene mutations and distant metastasis in cervical cancer. <i>PDGFRA</i>, <i>TP53</i>, and <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations significantly influence metastasis. Despite its low incidence, <i>PDGFRA</i> mutation is closely tied to lymph node and distant metastasis. <i>TP53</i> mutation disrupts p53 protein function, promoting tumor cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and enhancing metastasis. <i>PIK3CA</i> mutation activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, stimulating cell proliferation and migration. Detecting these mutations is crucial for diagnosing distant metastasis. It helps identify high-risk patients early, improving diagnostic accuracy and specificity, and guiding clinical treatment decisions. Targeted therapies for <i>PDGFRA</i> and <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations can control tumor growth and metastasis but face challenges like drug resistance and high costs. This study offers a new theoretical basis and treatment strategy for cervical cancer, pointing to future research directions. Gene mutation detection enhances early identification of high-risk patients, improving diagnostic accuracy. Targeted therapies for <i>PDGFRA</i> and <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations control tumor growth but face drug resistance and cost issues. This study provides a new theoretical basis and treatment strategy for cervical cancer, guiding future research.