A comprehensive framework for evaluating bridge project rework through earned value management (EVM) and building information modeling (BIM)

Rework represents a significant challenge to the successful delivery of bridge projects, with substantial implications for cost, schedule, and resource efficiency. This study investigates the impact of Building Information Modeling (BIM) on reducing rework in bridge construction, with particular emphasis on rework ratio, cost, and schedule performance. The research methodology combined pre- and post-interviews, data analysis, and a comparative evaluation of projects executed with and without BIM. The results suggest that BIM adoption can reduce rework-related inefficiencies, with observed reductions in time wastage of approximately 70-85% and cost savings in the range of 65-75% in the analyzed case study. Furthermore, Earned Value Management (EVM) analysis revealed improved performance metrics, with Schedule Performance Indicator (SPI) and Cost Performance Indicator (CPI) values increasing by 0.264 and 0.216, respectively. These findings provide indicative evidence that BIM has the potential to enhance cost and schedule outcomes in bridge construction by mitigating rework, though outcomes are context-dependent and may vary according to project scale, scope, and implementation practices. The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on BIM-enabled project management and offers practical insights for industry practitioners seeking to improve project delivery effectiveness.