Comparative Analysis of Typology of Ḥifẓ al-Māl Practices in MSMEs in the Digital Era

This study explores the typology of ḥifẓ al-māl (wealth protection) practices in the digital transformation of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the handicraft industry of Desa Tutul, Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study approach, in-depth interviews and participatory observation were conducted with four MSMEs: Aren Handicraft, Kayu-Kayuku, Ruci Handicraft, and PT Nuansa Alam Oil , through the perspective of ḥifẓ al-māl and the ideas of three maqāṣid shari'ah thinkers: al-Ghazālī, al-Shāṭibī, and Ibn ‘Āshūr, with seven indicators of ḥifẓ al-māl: asset protection and security, justice and transparency, efficiency, prevention of gharar and online fraud, business resilience and sustainability, product marketability and innovation, and loss prevention.. The research identifies four main typologies of ḥifẓ al-māl practice: Visionary, Adaptive, Realistic, and Inclusive. Each typology demonstrates unique mechanisms in digital asset protection, transaction transparency, operational efficiency, and collective empowerment. Digital practices such as the use of watermarks, return SOPs with video evidence, staged payments, and community-based training effectively reduce the risk of fraud and loss. This study underscores the relevance of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah as a dynamic foundation for MSMEs to achieve sustainable growth and ethical business in the digital economy. The results provide both theoretical contributions and practical recommendations for digital MSME development based on Islamic economic values.