Merit System in Indonesian Government: Policy Implementation and Determinant Factors

The improvement of apparatus (National Civil Apparatus/ASN) competency is an important part of realizing the standards of the nation through effective government institutions. The apparatus must be staffed by knowledgeable and professional individuals, commonly known as merit system. In this context, the deployment of several merit systems in ASN management has reported unsatisfactory results. Therefore, this research aims to examine merit system policy in Indonesian government and the influencing elements, with an emphasis on central ministries and institutions. A qualitative descriptive method was used with a constructivist paradigm, and data analysis adopted triangulation. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with eight purposively selected key informants, focus group discussions (FGD), observations, literature reviews, and official government reports. The results showed that the implementation of merit system policy at Ministry/Institution level was categorized as good based on eight aspects of the assessment prepared by KemenPAN-RB (Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform). However, there were several ministries and institutions with low scores, and the challenges were difficult since National Civil Apparatus Committee (KASN) was disbanded. The research concludes that while Indonesia’s government has generally implemented the merit system well, career development and promotion are hindered by inadequate talent management and ambiguous policies, with environmental factors, proficient human resources, infrastructure, and digital systems acting as critical determinants.