Application of LiDAR-based 3D imaging for forensic assessment of stab wounds in a porcine model

Digital photography has traditionally been limited to two-dimensional still images (2D). With technological advancements, the production of three-dimensional (3D) images which once relied on specialised equipment can now be easily made with commercially available smart devices. A 3D imaging application named Scaniverse, which is freely available, is being adopted within the local police service. This application uses light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology to generate 3D images more rapidly than other techniques, in addition to providing ease of use and high portability. For a forensic pathology service, 3D imaging may serve as an adjunct to crime scene visits and as an improved modality for post-mortem examination documentation. This study investigated the utility of 3D images produced by Scaniverse for stab wound assessment, using a porcine model in different simulated crime scenes. The analysis demonstrated that measurements of stab wounds generated using the Scaniverse application are not inferior to measurements obtained through standard digital photography, had high inter-rater correlation and, despite influences from knife characteristics, flooring and lighting conditions, the overall errors remained low. In conclusion, 3D imaging has promising potential as an adjunct to conventional photographic techniques in forensic pathology and crime scene applications.