A spatial anthropology perspective on the coupling mechanism between infrastructure and market settlements

In the context of urbanization, traditional settlement spaces face challenges of functional integration and value disparity. This paper employs the theoretical lens of spatial anthropology to examine the interaction between infrastructure and market settlements in modern Dongguan (1840–1949). The analysis considers four perspectives: spatial, functional, societal, and historical. It draws on spatial analysis, digital humanities, and historical archive review. The findings show that interactions depend not only on the natural environment and technological advancements, but also on integration within local power networks and global capital flows. This study aims to move beyond traditional linear causality in urban history. It proposes an analytical framework emphasizing “bidirectional interaction and multi-factor coupling” for studying infrastructure and market settlements. This framework provides a theoretical foundation for heritage conservation and sustainable development of river basins.