Challenges for the implementation of an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy clinic system in Mexico

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs were developed to deliver intravenous antibiotics to patients who no longer require hospitalization. Since their introduction in the 1970s, OPAT services have expanded worldwide, providing benefits, such as reduced hospital stay, lower costs, and improved patient satisfaction. In Mexico, OPAT programs remain scarce, with only two known clinics nationwide. Most parenteral treatments occur in informal settings without standardized protocols or trained staff. Our institutional experience demonstrates that OPAT is feasible and well accepted, even among patients with limited financial and social resources. However, implementation across Latin America faces barriers, including infrastructure, funding, and workforce limitations. Advocacy for supportive policies and evidence of cost-effectiveness are critical to achieving long-term program sustainability. Caregiver education is essential and ensures appropriate communication of questions, concerns, and potential adverse events. Finally, every patient receiving OPAT must have access to clinical services, laboratory monitoring, and follow-up with a physician. Implementation of this type of strategies could enhance sustainability and access. This perspective discusses the challenges and potential solutions to establishing OPAT services in Mexico and countries with similar healthcare models.