Analyzing the initial implementation of MIAF® Pre-service training and foster family applicant assessment

Over the past two decades, Family Foster Care (FFC) has increased across Europe as part of child protection deinstitutionalization policies. However, in Portugal, only 5.7% of the 6349 children in out-of-home care are in FFC, representing one of the lowest rates in Europe. Given this context, the development of a comprehensive, evidence-based practice model is crucial. In response, the Integrated Model of Family Foster Care (MIAF®) was developed based on the Design-Based Research process. This study aimed to analyze the initial implementation of the MIAF® Pre-service Training and Foster Family Applicant Assessment, focusing on strengths, barriers to implementation, and areas for improvement from the perspectives of professionals involved in the initial implementation phase. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 professionals who participated in the initial implementation; interviews were video and audio-recorded following participants’ consent. Sociodemographic data were collected through an online questionnaire. Thematic analysis indicated that FFC professionals perceived the model as well-structured, flexible, and objective. Its tools and processes were seen as supporting decision-making in selecting the most suitable families to ensure high-quality FFC placement. However, organizational and systemic barriers (e.g., workload, role overlap, legislative time constraints) and model-level challenges (e.g., usability of assessment tools) emerged. Professionals suggested refinements to the model (e.g., increasing foster family testimonies, streamlining the report form). This qualitative study highlights MIAF® as a significant step toward evidence-based FFC practice in Portugal, while emphasizing the need for further model adjustments and broader investment to overcome systemic barriers and support its scale-up. • A design-based model was developed to strengthen foster family training and assessment in Portugal. • Professionals viewed the model as well-structured, flexible, and supportive of consistent decision-making. • Organizational and systemic barriers, such as workload and role overlap, hindered implementation within the legal timeline. • Model-level challenges included the usability and interpretation of assessment tools and the structure of the report form. • Further refinements and organizational support are needed to scale and sustain the model.