A rest–task fMRI study of spatial working memory in HIV-infected individuals across cognitive states

Cognitive impairment in virally suppressed HIV is accompanied by altered working-memory network engagement, with greater cortico-cerebellar involvement in ANI. While static whole-brain FC showed widespread increases but limited CI-ANI separation under stringent correction, altered rest-to-task FC reconfiguration efficiency was associated with immune indices and neurocognitive/behavioral performance, suggesting that this cross-state metric may serve as a candidate marker for HAND phenotyping and risk stratification.