EPILEPSY IN ADULTS: ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. It affects approximately 50 million people worldwide. The condition arises from abnormal electrical activity in the brain and may result from genetic, structural, metabolic, or infectious causes. This article examines the etiology, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and long-term prognosis of epilepsy in adults. Modern antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) allow seizure control in nearly 70% of patients. However, drug-resistant epilepsy remains a significant clinical challenge.