Temporomandibular joint manifestation of autoimmune diseases

This research compilation examines the frequency and consequences of abnormalities in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) associated with various autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on arthritic conditions. When the immune system of the body unintentionally targets its own tissues, autoimmune illnesses arise. This causes inflammation and damage to several organs, including joints. This study describes how rheumatoid arthritis affects the TMJ and emphasize how it affects oral dysfunction; provide a preliminary report on TMJ involvement in Psoriasis, highlighting the need of early diagnosis and care. Our study investigates TMJ abnormalities in individuals who have psoriatic arthritis and osteoporosis, respectively. These findings suggest a complicated interaction between systemic health and TMJ function. We examined instances of TMJ ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis as well as the frequency of TMJ issues in this group of patients. We conducted a scoping review to gather information on the role of the TMJ in ankylosing spondylitis and to guide clinical practice. When taken as a whole, these studies highlight how important it is to use multidisciplinary techniques to treat TMJ issues in autoimmune illness patients in order to improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of the TMJ in six specific autoimmune conditions which are, Rheumatoid arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Osteoporosis, Psoriasis, Ankylosing spondylitis and systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). A total of 24 research studies were included in the analysis, sourced from PubMed, Google scholar and web of science starting from 2003 to 2023. The selection criteria were based on relevance to TMJ manifestation, clinical significance, and peer-reviewed status. Data extraction focused on TMJ structural change, functional impairment, and the clinical outcomes associated with each autoimmune condition. Advanced imaging techniques, such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) were prioritized for assessing subtle bony changes not visible on conventional radiographic images.