Long-Term Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy from Adolescence to Adulthood on Voice

Voice masculinization in transgender men who initiate GAHT during adolescence typically results in vocal characteristics comparable to those of cisgender men. In transgender women, earlier GHS may help preserve a more feminine voice, but complete alignment with cisgender women is not guaranteed (if this is the goal), especially in reading and spontaneous speech. These findings underscore the importance of early pubertal intervention and access to individualized voice care, including speech-language pathology support for trans persons.