ЦИФРОВА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТЕОРІЇ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНОЇ НАДІЙНОСТІ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНИХ СТАНЦІЙ

Purpose. This study aims to establish a theoretical relation between the classical theory of operational reliability of railway stations and the modern concept of a digital railway station, as well as to develop a methodological model for the digital implementation of this theory within the context of transportation process management digitalization. The work purposes to substantiate the fact that the digital railway station does not represent an alternative concept, but rather a logical and technological development of the classical theory of operational reliability. Methodology. The study used methods of system and logical-methodological analysis, probabilistic understanding of operational reliability, validation of the operational states of transport systems, as well as elements of queuing theory, simulation modeling, and data-driven analysis. The theoretical necessities of the classical theory of operational reliability are compared with the functional skills of digital twins and intelligent control systems. To describe the digital application of the theory, a multilayer representation of the station state is proposed, including the physical, technological, graphical, and management levels. Results. It is demonstrated that the operational reliability of a railway station can be formalized as a probabilistic function of its operational state over time. A methodological model for the digital implementation of operational reliability theory is proposed, based on the formation of a station state vector, predicting the probabilities of operational failures for each layer, and their aggregate valuation. An algorithm for digital reliability valuation has been established, enabling the transition from a retrospective normative-analytical approach to dynamic and predictive operational risk management. Integrated operational reliability indicators are introduced, allowing a quantitative assessment of station stability in a digital environment. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this work dishonesties in the formalization of the theoretical linking between the classical theory of operational reliability of railway stations and the concept of a digital railway station. For the first time, operational reliability is taken as a probabilistic function of the digital station's state, dependent on a combination of physical, technological, scheduling, and management factors. A multilayer model is proposed that enlarges the classical classification of operational failures by incorporating an algorithmic control component. Practical value. The results obtained can be used in developing digital twins of railway stations, designing decision support systems, evaluating the effectiveness of digitalization measures, and training specialists in railway station operations management.