Overview of the Blue Economy: The Azores Study-case

This paper analyses the Blue Economy and its importance and impact on the development of the Autonomous Region of the Azores. It begins with a concise discussion of Blue Economy terminology and reviews relevant European policies and programmes applied in the Azores. The core argument recommends balancing the Blue Economy’s multiple dimensions—economic, environmental, social, and cultural—to ensure sustainable ocean management and use. The methodology is based on a literature review using academic sources, combined with sectoral mapping of established and emerging marine activities relevant to the Azores. The analysis culminates in a SWOT matrix to assess strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and to guide policy and strategic recommendations. Established marine activities identified in the Azores include marine fishing, fish processing, ports, and marine transport services. Emerging activities include coastal and marine tourism, education and training, marine biotechnology, ocean safety and surveillance, marine scientific research and development, and offshore wind and other marine renewable energies. Key strengths are the Azores’ extensive Exclusive Economic Zone and growing research into marine biodiversity. Primary weaknesses include overfishing, imbalanced fish stocks, and a lack of comprehensive studies quantifying the ocean’s economic value. Major threats are climate change and fragmented governance at national and international levels. Notable opportunities include improved ocean governance and the potential for sustainable development across blue sectors.