Effect of the Shape of Ultrashort X-Ray Pulses on Their Scattering on Crystals

In this work, it has been shown that the scattering of ultrashort X-ray pulses is determined not only by their duration, but also by their shape. It has been shown that the dependence of scattering spectra on the pulse shape has a simple analytical form. Simple criteria have been found for the presence of the effect of the pulse shape on the diffraction pattern, which is especially important in the X-ray diffraction analysis of materials. As an example, the scattering of ultrashort pulses of three different shapes—Gaussian, Mexican hat, and rectangular—on a diamond crystal has been considered.