ECOLOGIZATION OF SUBSURFACE USE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

In this article, Doctor of Law Zh.S. Elyubaev analyzes the process of legal environmentalization in the sphere of subsoil use in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author traces the evolution of subsoil legislation through five historical stages, from the pre-Soviet period to the modern era, highlighting the growing integration of environmental norms. Particular attention is given to the constitutional recognition of citizens’ right to a favorable environment and the alignment of national legislation with international standards. The article presents the positive experience of the Tengizchevroil company in complying with ecological regulations, environmental monitoring, and rational resource management as a model of best practice. Emphasis is placed on the importance of maintaining a balance between investment stability and stricter environmental regulation. The concepts of “resource nationalism” and the “resource curse” are also examined as phenomena that may impact national security and sustainable development policy. In conclusion, the author underscores the need for cooperation among the state, business, and civil society to ensure the constitutional right to an ecologically safe environment and to support the sustainable development of the subsoil use sector