Research Progress of Acoustic Monitoring Technology in Welding and Additive Manufacturing Processes

Continuous innovations in welding and additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have introduced challenges related to process stability and uncertainties in ensuring high quality. Given the high complexity and transient nature of these processes, effective online acoustic monitoring is crucial for ensuring manufacturing quality and improving processing efficiency. This paper first elucidates the principles of acoustic signal generation in welding and additive manufacturing. It then provides a comprehensive review of the application of acoustic methods for quality monitoring in these processes, covering both structural acoustic emission (AE) and airborne acoustic monitoring techniques. Finally, it summarizes the current challenges and issues faced by acoustic monitoring technologies in welding and additive manufacturing and outlines potential future development directions.