Editorial: Community series in gut microbiota and immunity in health and disease: dysbiosis and eubiosis’s effects on the human body, volume II

Xiaoyan Wang et al. analyzed data from 2,947 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and found that adherence to a microbiota-friendly diet was associated with higher serum albumin and lower risk of hypoalbuminemia, regardless of total energy or protein intake. High-quality diets rich in fiber and whole grains were key, suggesting the importance of dietary composition for nutritional status in CKD.Fangfang Gao et al. surveyed global research on the probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila, identifying field growth, major contributors, and central themes, including links to metabolic and inflammatory diseases. These findings reinforce the prominence of probiotics in microbiome research and the need for further clinical studies.Jiaoyu Rao et al. reviewed how the intestinal microbiota influences drug metabolism and therapeutic response, both directly and indirectly through its effects on liver immune function. Multiple immune cell types mediate this regulation, impacting treatment outcomes. The review concludes that targeting gut microbiota diversity could improve drug safety and efficacy, with approaches such as phage therapy showing promise but needing further validation. Epigenetic factors also contribute to variability in drug responses, underscoring the need for integrated research to advance precision medicine for liver and inflammatory diseases.Collectively, this Special Issue emphasizes that gut microbiota composition, immune regulation, and environmental exposures are tightly interconnected determinants of health and disease. The findings support microbiota-targeted nutritional and therapeutic strategies and underscore the need for microbiome-and immune-informed precision medicine approaches to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment across diverse disease contexts.The authors wrote the editorial, and OpenAI's ChatGPT and Grammarly were used for language refinement and editorial assistance of this manuscript. These tools assisted in revising and polishing sections of the manuscript under the authors' direct supervision. The authors independently verified all factual claims, references, and interpretations to ensure accuracy and integrity. At no stage were AI tools used to generate false data, fabricate citations, or replace the authors' critical analysis and intellectual contributions. The use of AI adhered to ethical guidelines for responsible authorship and transparency, and the final content reflects original work conceived, developed, and approved by the authors.