A survey on Open Science perceptions and experiences among One Health researchers in South Asia

Background Open Science aims at improving the quality of research, transparency, and data sharing through open-access platforms, data sharing, inclusion of citizen scientists, making research results accessible to both professionals and citizens. As science becomes increasingly data-driven, responsible open science practices enable collaboration, reduce barriers in multisectoral teams, and support integrative approaches such as One Health. In response to the rise of zoonotic diseases globally, many countries have adopted the One Health approach, fostering collaboration across the human–animal–environment interface. However, open practices such as data sharing within One Health is not always implemented. Objective To identify key barriers affecting the adoption of Open Science practices in the One Health community in South Asia. Methods An online survey was conducted among One Health stakeholders in South Asia, including academic researchers, healthcare professionals, veterinarians, and policymakers. A 22-item semi-structured questionnaire was distributed via the Nettskjema platform of the University of Oslo (UiO) using a snowball sampling technique. The study was preregistered in the Open Science Framework registry. Results We received 90 responses with the majority being from India (55.6%), followed by Pakistan (17.8%), Nepal and Sri Lanka (6.7% each), Afghanistan and Bangladesh (5.6% each), and Bhutan (1.1%). Levels of awareness and practices of Open Science were mixed: while 60% engaged in open-access publishing, 27.8% shared data, 23.3% supported citizen science, and 12.2% used preprints. Reported barriers included lack of awareness, inadequate government support, institutional restrictions, to name a few. Despite these, the participants highlighted major benefits in practicing Open Science. Conclusion The survey highlights key opportunities and challenges in adopting Open Science for One Health in South Asia. Greater government and institutional support, improved data-sharing and infrastructure, inclusion of veterinary and environmental sectors, capacity-building, and international collaboration are essential to overcome barriers and strengthen One Health globally.