Smart Material Technologies for Energy-Efficient Buildings in Iraq

This study investigates the use of smart material technologies, particularly smart coatings, to enhance thermal comfort, reduce energy consumption, and lower carbon emissions in residential buildings in Karbala, Iraq, a city with a hot, dry climate. Using DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus simulations, the performance of cool reflective coatings and thermal coatings was compared across various temperature conditions. Results showed that smart coatings significantly reduced indoor temperatures, cooling and heating loads, and overall energy use. The W&R(RS) and W&R(TS) models consistently outperformed their counterparts, offering improved thermal stability and comfort. Life-cycle analysis revealed that the operational phase accounted for the majority (52.6%) of carbon emissions, highlighting the importance of early-stage integration of smart materials. Overall, the findings underscore the potential of smart coatings to enhance energy efficiency and environmental performance in hot-climate architecture.