A crowd team evacuation model considering spring effect

In order to effectively describe the interaction between individuals in the team during the evacuation process, this paper introduces a spring force into the social force model to characterize the elastic and attractive force effects generated by team members. At the same time, an objective optimization function is established by combining the traffic capacity and the congestion degree at the exit, and the sparrow population algorithm is used to solve the objective function. By comparing and analyzing the performance of traditional and optimized models through the constructed simulation platform, the impact of team effect on crowd movement state is further studied. The experimental results show that the improved team evacuation model based on the social force model can effectively balance the congestion degree of the bottleneck area and avoid the prolonged evacuation time caused by the large crowd density in the bottleneck area under the condition of restoring the general law of crowd evacuation. Compared with the real evacuation and simulation results, the optimization model is closer to the real evacuation. Therefore, the optimization model can effectively describe the familiar factors between individuals in the case of steady-state evacuation, and provides a new idea for solving the problem that the social force model is difficult to describe the clustering effect. • Spring force is introduced into the social force model to characterize the elastic and attractive force effects generated by team members. The optimized model that performs iterative search in complex scenes using the sparrow population algorithm can accelerate the crowd navigation and thereby speed up the evacuation rate, and characterize the mutual familiarity and herd behavior factors among individuals. • Compared with the traditional model, the team model using spring force can effectively balance the congestion degree in the exit area, speed up the evacuation rate in the bottleneck area and shorten the overall evacuation time in the case of steady-state evacuation. So it is more suitable for crowd evacuation simulation in steady-state evacuation situations.