Can we live in a baby universe formed by a delayed first-order phase transition?

We examine the idea that our Universe began as a baby universe and show that this is feasible in a gauged <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mi>U</a:mi> <a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo> <a:mn>1</a:mn> <a:msub> <a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo> <a:mrow> <a:mi>B</a:mi> <a:mo>−</a:mo> <a:mi>L</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:msub> </a:math> extension of the Standard Model with the classically conformal principle. For the first time, we define a measure to describe the probability that we reside in a baby universe, and find that it can be close to 1 in a considerable portion of the parameter space. The framework is consistent with current cosmological data, and it predicts the existence of a heavy neutral gauge boson, which could be detected at colliders, thereby offering a direct link between early universe dynamics and experimentally testable signatures at the TeV scale.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2026-02-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/qxwm-xb8d
Primary Topic
Origins and Evolution of Life
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Can we live in a baby universe formed by a delayed first-order phase transition?

Jun-Chen Wang, Jingjun Zhang, Ke-Pan Xie, Anonymous et al.
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Origins and Evolution of Life
article

Can we live in a baby universe formed by a delayed first-order phase transition?

Jun-Chen Wang, Jingjun Zhang, Ke-Pan Xie, Anonymous, Masanori Tanaka
article en

Abstract

We examine the idea that our Universe began as a baby universe and show that this is feasible in a gauged <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mi>U</a:mi> <a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo> <a:mn>1</a:mn> <a:msub> <a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo> <a:mrow> <a:mi>B</a:mi> <a:mo>−</a:mo> <a:mi>L</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:msub> </a:math> extension of the Standard Model with the classically conformal principle. For the first time, we define a measure to describe the probability that we reside in a baby universe, and find that it can be close to 1 in a considerable portion of the parameter space. The framework is consistent with current cosmological data, and it predicts the existence of a heavy neutral gauge boson, which could be detected at colliders, thereby offering a direct link between early universe dynamics and experimentally testable signatures at the TeV scale.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 113(5)
Peking University (CN), Zhengzhou University (CN), Beihang University (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 55%
Origins and Evolution of Life
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