Association of Obesity with Renal Damage by Ultrasound in Patients Aged 30 to 59 Years from UMF 7 of Orizaba, Veracruz

Background: Obesity is defined as a chronic, multifactorial disease in which an increase in body fat causes adipose tissue dysfunction, leading to metabolic alterations. In Mexico, it presents a significant health problem and leads to multiple complications. A high BMI is associated with the development of proteinuria in people without kidney disease, as well as a low estimated glomerular filtration rate. Ultrasound (US) plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of morphological changes in the renal structure. Objective: To demonstrate the association between obesity and kidney damage in patients aged 30 to 59 years at Family Medicine Unit No. 7 in Orizaba, Veracruz. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal, analytical, and prospective study was conducted at Family Medicine Unit No. 7 in Orizaba, Veracruz, from November 2022 to May 2023, including all obese patients aged 30 to 59 years . Patients with a BMI > 30 were selected and classified into obesity grades. Glomerular filtration rate was calculated using serum creatinine levels and the CKD-EPI 2021. Renal ultrasound was performed to evaluate morphology. Frequency measures and percentages were used for qualitative variables, and measures of central tendency and dispersion were used for quantitative variables. The association was calculated using the chi-square test . The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Kidney damage was observed in 61 patients (20.3%) who were obese. Females predominated, with 163 (54.2%) patients, and the mean age was 42 years, with a median of 41 years, reflecting that the study population consisted of young adults. Conclusions: This study does not show a correlation between obesity and ultrasound-detected kidney damage in patients aged 30 to 59 years at Family Medicine Unit No. 7 in Orizaba, Veracruz