The 3 × 2 achievement goal questionnaire for recreational sport: Polish validation and athlete goal profiles in relation to psychological characteristics
The present study supports the validity of the 3 × 2 achievement goal model in recreational sport within the Polish cultural context. High levels of intellect, agreeableness, self-efficacy, and hope for success promote beneficial achievement goals in recreational sport.
Authors
- Maciej Tomczak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-3348)
- Łukasz Bojkowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-0845)
- Paweł Kleka
Institutions
- University School of Physical Education in Kraków (PL)
- Hungarian University of Sports Science (HU)
- Poznań University of Technology (PL)
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (PL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Published
- 2026-02-13
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-01600-4
- Primary Topic
- Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00