Structural performance failures and retrofitting needs arising from the Türkiye 2023 earthquake

Abstract This research review focuses on the catastrophic earthquake that hit Türkiye on February 6, 2023. The mainshock was magnitude Mw 7.8, with its epicenter in southern Türkiye, close to the northern Syrian border. Approximately nine hours later, there was a second large earthquake of magnitude Mw 7.5 some 95 km (59 miles) to the southwest. These seismic events resulted in significant building and infrastructure damage throughout the affected area. This review considers the major factors that led to structural collapse during the earthquakes, such as design, construction practice, and maintenance deficiencies. The function of seismic codes and regulations in preventing structural collapse is also considered. Specific building failure case studies are compared to gain an understanding of the weaknesses of various structural types. The review concludes by highlighting the need to incorporate lessons drawn from these incidents into future building design and construction processes to make structures more resilient in seismically active areas like Türkiye.