Continuous dynamic subcortical mapping of corticospinal tract: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Extending resection beyond the minimal stimulation threshold of 5mA increases the risk of transient neurological deficits. Going beyond ≤3 mA will additionally increase the risk of permanent motor deficits. These exponential risks should be carefully counterweighted with the potential oncological benefit of higher EOR in each patient. These findings emphasize the need for prospective multicenter studies with standardized stimulation parameters to establish evidence-based guidelines for safe resection near eloquent motor pathways.