Design of a dual-layer metasurface for microwave-infrared multispectral compatible stealth based on CVAE-GAN co-optimization

With the rapid advancement of radar sensing technologies and the widespread deployment of infrared detectors, conventional single-band stealth materials are no longer sufficient to meet multispectral stealth requirements in complex environments. In particular, achieving effective stealth performance simultaneously in both the radar and infrared bands remains highly challenging, which limits the efficiency of traditional design methodologies. This paper proposes a vertically integrated dual-layer metasurface comprising a radar scattering layer (RSL) and an infrared stealth layer (IRSL) for microwave–infrared multispectral stealth. A CVAE–GAN co-optimization framework is employed to generate and refine candidate unit-cell geometries under target-response constraints. The optimized metasurface achieves a radar cross section (RCS) reduction exceeding 10 dB over 7.7–12.75 GHz, with a maximum reduction of 36.7 dB, while reducing the effective IR emissivity to 0.18. These results provide a practical route toward integrated multispectral stealth metasurfaces.