Self-Adaptive Radiative Cooling/Heating Film with Energy Storage for All-Season Smart Thermoregulation

Radiative cooling (RC) and radiative heating (RH) are emerging zero-carbon energy technologies that harvest cold from the universe and heat from sunlight, respectively. However, conventional RC and RH face long-standing challenges of seasonal mismatches between energy supply and cold/heat demand, low power density, and unstable energy harvesting. Herein, we demonstrate a self-adaptive radiative cooling/heating film (SRCHF) that synergistically integrates RC, RH, and energy storage for all-season thermoregulation. The SRCHF autonomously switches between RC and RH across seasons through temperature-responsive shape memory polymers, while phase change material-based energy storage enhances the cooling/heating power and mitigates their fluctuations by providing all-day cold/heat regulation. Notably, the SRCHF-based device achieves a subambient temperature drop of 8.2 °C in summer with a cooling power of 141 W m–2, and a temperature lift of 14 °C in winter with a heating power of 565 W m–2. This work offers a zero-carbon pathway for all-season smart thermoregulation.