Characterization of a Novel Cyclized Prodigiosin Derivative from Termite Mound-Associated Streptomyces and Its Potential in Cosmetic Applications

Termite mounds are rich, underexplored reservoirs of bioactive <i>Streptomyces</i>. This study focuses on the isolation and metabolic characterization of pigment-producing <i>Streptomyces</i> from <i>Macrotermes gilvus</i> mounds in Thailand. Four pigment-producing strains related to <i>S. violarus</i>, <i>S. aureofaciens</i>, <i>S. roseoverticillatus</i>, and <i>S. flavofungini</i> were analyzed. These strains exhibited robust antibacterial properties, primarily against Gram-positive bacteria, and significant antioxidant capacity. Structural elucidation using HRMS and NMR identified a stable pink pigment from strain A2 as a novel cyclized prodigiosin derivative (C₃₆H₄₆N₄O₅). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a novel prodiginine sourced from termite-associated actinobacteria. Feasibility trials in cosmetic formulations confirmed the pigment's stability, suggesting significant potential for industrial use. These results underscore the value of exploring termite-associated microbes for the discovery of unique, functional natural products.