Carbon formation during partial oxidation of methane under conditions of high pressures (review)

This review deals with the formation of solid carbon (in particular, soot) under various conditions of methane conversion: pyrolysis, diffusion flame combustion, steam reforming, conversion in supercritical water and high-pressure water-oxygen fluid. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the carbon formation conditions at high pressures; the goal is to identify the parameter regions with a lack of experimental information or its insufficient presentation, but where carbon formation is very likely. When designing the equipment with continuous operation, it is necessary to know the corresponding parametric boundaries of the areas of solid carbon formation in order to avoid emergency situations and/or to reduce depreciation costs.