Distribution of Pathogens and Risk Factors for Hospital Infections in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Hospital infections in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) undergoing hemodialysis are a significant cause of mortality. This paper analyzes the distribution of pathogens and the risk factors associated with these infections in this patient population. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 99 DN patients who underwent hemodialysis at our hospital between June 2023 and June 2024. The study examined the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in hospital-acquired infections among these patients and employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify associated risk factors. Results: Of the 99 DN hemodialysis patients, 19 developed hospital infections, primarily lower respiratory tract infections, with gram-positive bacteria being the predominant pathogens. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that dialysis time (odds ratio: 0.067; 95% confidence interval: 0.014–0.333) and the duration of DN (odds ratio: 7.053; 95% confidence interval: 2.033–24.472) were key independent factors contributing to hospital infections in DN patients ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: In DN patients undergoing hemodialysis, hospital infections are predominantly caused by gram-positive bacteria. Dialysis time and the duration of DN are significant independent risk factors for the development of such infections. These findings suggest that implementing targeted clinical treatments and preventive strategies can effectively reduce infection rates in this patient population.