Electric field reduction in overhead transmission lines right-of-way using sine cosine optimization algorithm

• Reducing the electric field generated by overhead transmission lines is challenging, given that prolonged exposure can affect both humans and the environment. • The implementation of SCA to minimize the electric field produced by overhead transmission lines stands out for its optimization efficiency and its ability to generate stable and consistent solutions. • The precautionary principle is particularly relevant when dealing with electric fields generated by overhead transmission lines. Requires acting prudently: conducting studies, establishing controls, and adopting measures to mitigate potential risks. Population growth and the expansion of electrical infrastructure have intensified concerns regarding exposure to low-frequency electric fields, due to their potential effects on human health, including cardiac disorders and childhood leukemia—as well as on the environment. Considering the existing scientific uncertainty, this paper proposes a strategy to reduce the electric field generated by overhead transmission lines using the Sine–Cosine Algorithm (SCA). The methodology comprises five stages: (i) system configuration, (ii) geometric definition, (iii) SCA adaptation, (iv) validation strategies, and (v) mathematical formulation of the electric field. Two case studies are analyzed: single- and double-circuit configurations in right-of-way areas. The performance of the SCA is benchmarked against the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) algorithms, as well as the phase-sequence permutation technique. The results demonstrate that SCA-based optimization achieves a significant reduction in electric field intensity relative to the original configurations, exhibiting competitive and consistent performance compared with the other evaluated techniques. This proposal therefore constitutes a technically viable tool for mitigating impacts in right-of-way areas, in accordance with the precautionary principle.