Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Periodontal Health

Objective: To assess the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and periodontal health in Iraqi men. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, 45 males aged (30-50) were involved. 25 patients considered as a case group with chronic periodontitis (stages III–IV), and 20 individuals with healthy periodontium counted as control group. Participants with systemic diseases, smoking, or vitamin D supplementation were excluded. Plaque index (PLI) and gingival index (GI) were obtained and serum 25(OH)D levels measured with Roche E411 analyzer. Vitamin D status was grouped as sufficient (≥20 ng/mL) or insufficient (<20 ng/mL, independent-samples t-tests, chi-square tests and Odds ratio (OR) were utilized for analysis. Results: PLI and GI were significantly greater in the periodontitis group (p < 0.001). Mean serum 25(OH)D level was more pronounced in the controls (15.05 ± 5.48 ng/mL) compared to periodontitis group (12.40 ± 6.70 ng/mL), but this difference was not significant (p = 0.161). Vitamin D insufficiency was frequent in both groups and more prevalent in periodontitis patients (OR = 2.67; p = 0.423). Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D concentration showed no significant correlation with periodontal status. Larger and more varied populations are needed to clarify the relationship.