Molecular Networking Reveals Sorbicillinoids Diversity from the Marine-Derived Fungus <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> HK1–12: Key Antibiosis for Biocontrol against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>

The chemical diversity of antifungal sorbicillinoids produced by the marine-derived fungus <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> HK1-12 was investigated by using bioassay-guided separation combined with molecular networking technology. A novel sorbicillinoid monomer, trichocillin A (<b>1</b>), along with four known analogues (<b>4</b>-<b>5</b>), was isolated from the fungal cultures. Furthermore, 12 monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, or hybrid sorbicillinoids (<b>6</b>-<b>17</b>) were tentatively identified from the molecular networks, six of which (<b>7</b>, <b>8</b>, <b>11</b>-<b>13</b>, and <b>15</b>) represent previously unreported structures. Vertinolide (<b>2</b>) exhibited antifungal activity against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> with an inhibition rate of 90.9% at 50 μg/mL <i>in vitro</i> and comparable <i>in vivo</i> curative effects at 400 μg/mL (66.5%) to those of the spore suspension of HK1-12 (69.8%) and the positive control tebuconazole·trifloxystrobin (71.9%). This study indicated that sorbicillinoids are key antibiosis agents responsible for <i>T. reesei</i> HK1-12 as a potential biocontrol agent of <i>R. solani</i>.