Systemic Barriers to Healthcare Access and Outcomes among African Americans during COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Intersectional Study

Abstract: This study delved into the complex challenges African Americans faced in accessing healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a concurrent mixed methods approach, we analyzed CDC COVID-NET data alongside in-depth interviews with individuals from African American communities. Our quantitative analysis revealed that African Americans had significantly higher weekly hospitalization rates compared to other racial groups (F(5, 151,033) = 360.16, p < .001). Qualitative insights highlighted recurring themes such as financial hardships, limited digital literacy, transportation barriers, and a pervasive mistrust in the healthcare system rooted in historical and systemic racism. These findings lead us to reject the null hypothesis, affirming that systemic inequalities play a substantial role in healthcare disparities. The study underscores the urgent need for policy interventions that address social determinants of health and advocate for culturally competent, accessible care. We recommend targeted outreach programmes, strengthened community engagement, and comprehensive reforms in healthcare funding and delivery to alleviate racial disparities in current and future public health crises.