Multi-phase channels modulation with a single-layer metasurface

The independent control of phase channels of the Jones matrix via metasurfaces enables advanced applications in wavefront manipulation and optical encryption. Conventional methods for achieving this control under linear or circular polarization bases typically rely on multilayer metasurfaces or anisotropic chiral structures. Here, we propose a universal strategy for independent control of all four Jones matrix phase channels under linear polarization using a single-layer metasurface. By synergistically combining the beam splitting method with polarization-dependent interference effects, we reconstruct the Jones matrix under linear polarization bases to achieve independent modulation of phase channels. This design is realized with a relatively small number of variable-sized nanostructures and an optimized algorithm, notably requiring only two types of half-wave plates for full phase control. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed metasurface produces four distinct Fourier holograms in arbitrary linear polarization bases, and even under elliptical polarization. This work paves the way for applications in multidimensional polarization control, information encryption, and optical communications.