The Impact of Social Media on Students' Mental Health: A Global Systematic Review and Digital Wellness Framework for Education

This research presents a global systematic review of contemporary studies examining the impact of social media use on students’ mental health. Drawing from international and Asian research published between 2018 and 2026, the study synthesizes evidence on the psychological effects of social media engagement, including its association with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, addiction, sleep disturbance, and social comparison. At the same time, it highlights potential benefits such as social connectedness, self-expression, and access to mental health information when social media is used purposefully and responsibly. Building on this synthesis, the paper introduces the Hormachuelos Digital Wellness Framework, an original integrative model designed to guide educational institutions in promoting healthy and meaningful digital engagement among students. The framework emphasizes five key pillars: digital self-awareness, discipline and self-regulation, emotional resilience, guided social media environments, and purposeful engagement. Positioned at the intersection of educational leadership, psychology, and human development, this work contributes to emerging global discourse on digital wellness and offers practical implications for educators, school leaders, families, and policymakers. This monograph aims to support the development of balanced, responsible, and mentally healthy digital participation among learners in an increasingly interconnected world.