Trichrome, Congo red, and thioflavin S stains are comparable for the diagnosis of amyloid deposits in endomyocardial biopsies

Congo red staining with polarized microscopy is often considered the gold standard for detecting amyloid deposits. We demonstrated that trichrome and Thioflavin S stains show comparable results and can be considered as appropriate methods for diagnosis. In addition, reviewing Congo red brightfield, polarized, and fluorescence as well as Thioflavin S with digital imaging shows a comparable diagnostic yield to glass slides for identification of cardiac amyloid deposition. These findings suggest that a digital workflow can be implemented for diagnosing cardiac amyloid deposition in routine practice.