Deep Sketch‐Based 3D Modeling: A Survey

Abstract In the past decade, advances in artificial intelligence have revolutionised sketch‐based 3D modelling, leading to a new paradigm known as Deep Sketch‐Based 3D Modelling (). offers data‐driven methods that address the long‐standing challenges of sketch abstraction and ambiguity. keeps humans at the centre of the creative process by enhancing the flexibility, usability, faithfulness, and adaptability of sketch‐based 3D modelling interfaces. This paper contributes a comprehensive survey of the latest DS‐3DM within a novel design space: MORPHEUS . Built upon the Input‐Model‐Output (IMO) framework, MORPHEUS categorises M odels outputting O ptions of 3D R epresentations and P arts, derived from H uman‐inputs (varying in quantity and modality), and E valuated across diverse U ser‐views and S tyles. Throughout , we highlight limitations and identify opportunities for interdisciplinary research in computer vision, computer graphics, and human–computer interaction, revealing a need for controllability and information‐rich outputs. These opportunities align design processes more closely with user' intent, responding to the growing importance of user‐centred approaches.