Enhanced EMI shielding of Ag–polymer composites via TiB2 reinforcement in the 2–4 GHz range

Abstract Due to its exceptional electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, and mechanical hardness, titanium diboride (TiB₂) has emerged as a critical reinforcement material for high performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Despite its potential, achieving a synergistic balance between filler dispersion and high shielding efficiency within polymer matrices remains a significant challenge in current research. This study investigates the performance of composite coatings reinforced with TiB₂, a conductive ceramic material, for EMI shielding applications in the 2–4 GHz frequency range. TiB₂ is incorporated into a commercially available Ag polymer at various weight ratios (10–50 wt%), and the resulting composites are evaluated using a Vector Network Analyzer. The reflection (S₁₁) and transmission (S₂₁) parameters are measured to calculate the total shielding effectiveness, which reached a peak of approximately 45 dB at 2.2 GHz. These findings highlight the promise of TiB₂-filled composites as effective EMI shielding materials for use in aerospace, defense, and healthcare applications. Future research will aim to optimize the filler composition and assess material stability under elevated temperatures.