SHED-Derived Exosomes Attenuate Osteoclastogenesis to Ameliorate Apical Periodontitis in Rats

This study developed a novel cell-free therapeutic strategy based on SHED-EXOs to enhance the treatment efficacy for AP. SHED-EXOs effectively inhibit osteoclast activity, attenuate bone resorption, and promote periapical bone tissue repair. The underlying mechanism involves the activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Combined with a localized hydrogel delivery system, this strategy paves the way for innovative approaches in regenerative endodontics.