Associations between daily exercise and challenging behavior, activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living in individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Daily exercise is increasingly recognized as important for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (IWASD). This study examined the associations between daily exercise and challenging behaviors, activities of daily living (ADLs), and instrumental ADLs (IADLs) in IWASD. Data from 1036 individuals were extracted from the 2023 Survey on the Work and Life of Individuals with Developmental Disabilities and analyzed using a general linear model. Daily exercise was positively associated with lower levels of challenging behaviors and better ADL performance. Additionally, the presence or absence of exercise interacted with sex, influencing challenging behaviors. IWASD aged ≥ 30 years participated in exercise less regularly than did younger individuals; this highlighted the need for strategies to promote regular physical activity among adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Moreover, daily exercise should be actively recommended, as it was associated with a greater reduction in challenging behaviors among female individuals with ASD than among their male counterparts. • Daily exercise is linked to lower challenging behaviors in individuals with ASD. • Regular exercise improves performance in basic daily living skills. • Exercise effects on behavior are stronger in women aged 40 years and older. • Adults with ASD over 30 years participate in exercise less regularly. • Promoting daily exercise may enhance independence and quality of life.