Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Infection Prevention and Control Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Mauritius

Background Many hospitalized patients suffer from healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), particularly drug-resistant infections. Infection prevention and control (IPC) is one of the most cost-effective healthcare investments since most HAIs can be prevented by the implementation of effective IPC interventions. This study aims to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of healthcare workers (HCW) regarding IPC, given that these factors may shape their compliance with IPC guidelines. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr Bruno Cheong Hospital in Mauritius, from March 2024 to April 2024. Demographic information and KAP scores were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Results A total of 58 responses were analyzed; 69% of participants scored more than 70% on the IPC knowledge questionnaire. The mean knowledge score was 12.5 with a total score of 17. The mean attitude score was 48.4 over a total score of 60. Mean knowledge was higher among nurses (p = 0.001) compared to other personnel, and HCWs with five to 10 years of experience (p = 0.05). A total of 86.2% of participants scored more than 70% on the attitude questionnaire. The mean attitude score was 48.4 out of 60. The highest attitude scores were observed again among those with five to 10 years of experience (p = 0.05);84.5% of participants scored more than 70% on the practice questionnaire. The mean practice score was 48.64 out of 60. There was no significant association between knowledge and attitude (p = 0.69). There was a strongly significant association between a positive attitude leading to better practice (χ² = 25.1, p = 0.001). Conclusion Healthcare professionals, especially nurses, showed adequate knowledge, but they could not predict their attitude toward IPC. However, an adequate attitude strongly predicted better practice. Thus, targeted interventions to improve attitude are necessary to promote better engagement. Pathways, such as fostering a positive IPC culture via leadership, managerial support, more focused training, and better staffing ratios, could be explored to improve the attitude of HCW toward IPC.