Luminescent TiO2 quantum dots: Synthesis by sonochemistry method and characterization

Luminescent titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) quantum dots (QDs) in Anatase, Brookite, and Rutile phases were successfully synthesized via a sustainable sonochemical route followed by mild thermal treatment. The resulting QDs exhibited an average diameter of 2–4 nm, characterized by superficial agglomeration with large grains and fine surface porosity. The structural, morphological, and topological properties of these nanomaterials were comprehensively investigated using X-ray Diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Optical analysis revealed a characteristic maximum absorption between 298 and 300 nm, with fluorescence emission peaks at 428, 484, and 536 nm. The determined band gap values of 4.15, 4.12, and 3.96 eV indicate significant quantum confinement effects. The originality of this work lies in the development of a sonochemical process capable of producing TiO 2 at the quantum dot scale under environmentally friendly conditions, utilizing significantly lower irradiation times and temperatures than those reported in the scientific literature. This research integrates fundamental materials science with advanced characterization to provide a scalable foundation for high-performance applications in environmental remediation, biomedicine, and electronics. • Sonochemical methodology to obtain titanium dioxide at quantum dots dimension. • This approach stands out for its simplicity, offering a more efficient solution for obtaining quantum materials. • Fluorescent quantum dots can be used as potential tools in energy and biomedical applications.