Obesity strengthens the associations between sarcopenia and both frailty and hospitalization, whereas reduces the risk of mortality

Obesity-particularly defined by BMI and WC-strengthened the association between sarcopenia and adverse outcomes such as frailty and hospitalization. In contrast, higher fat mass was associated with lower mortality, suggesting a potential obesity paradox that warrants further research. These findings highlight the importance of assessing multiple obesity criteria alongside sarcopenia, while the potential protective role of obesity against mortality requires confirmation in further studies.