DIGITALISATION OF WATER pH MONITORING IN AQUACULTURE

Abstract Digitalisation in aquaculture has emerged as a strategic necessity in response to increasing production demands and environmental challenges affecting water quality. Among critical water quality parameters, pH plays a fundamental role in regulating fish physiology, metabolic balance, and survival. Fluctuations beyond optimal ranges can lead to physiological stress, disease susceptibility, and reduced production performance. Recent technological advances, particularly Internet of Things (IoT)-based systems, enable real-time monitoring and digital management of pH conditions, improving decision making and operational efficiency. This review article synthesises published studies concerning digital pH monitoring applications in aquaculture and evaluates their impacts on aquaculture productivity in Indonesia. Literature analysis indicates that digital monitoring systems may reduce fish mortality risks by up to 30% while increasing production yields by approximately 20–25%. However, challenges including infrastructure limitations, high initial investment, and limited technological literacy among farmers still hinder widespread adoption. Support from government and institutions are therefore essential to optimise digital technology implementation and improve aquaculture sustainability.