BIM-Based Automation of Green Building Assessment: A Systematic Review of Rating Systems Across Information Management Phases

Green building rating systems (GBRS) (e.g., LEED and BREEAM) assess sustainability in the built environment but require extensive data collection and processing. In this context, digitalization strategies, such as building information Modeling (BIM), enable centralized data management throughout the building’s life cycle. This study presents a PRISMA-based systematic literature review (SLR) of BIM-GBRS integration methods, identifying 83 articles and 13 reviews. The analysis is structured around three key phases defined to enable a systematic comparison of the existing approaches. Phase 1, “Data acquisition”, involves collecting the values of the investigated parameters either from the BIM model or through analysis software (e.g., Insight, One Click LCA) grouped into eight categories. Phase 2, “compliance verification”, focuses on comparing collected data with GBRS requirements using manual or automated tools (e.g., Dynamo). Phase 3, “optimization”, involves improving alternative design scenarios using tools such as plug-ins and MATLAB-based algorithms (e.g., NSGA-II, DWKNN). Emerging digital technologies (e.g., AI, digital twins, IoT) are analyzed to enable automated workflows, while interoperability is examined by distinguishing format-based (e.g., gbXML, IFC) and tool-based (e.g., APIs, VPL) approaches. The study identifies fragmented and limited interoperability in BIM-GBRS integration, highlighting the need for an automated end-to-end framework to support sustainability in the construction sector.